If that opening chapter of Trump’s second term was poorly received, his repeated suggestions that the US could seize Greenland — through military action or economic pressure — sent shockwaves through the postwar international order. The remarks prompted many EU nations to reconsider their reliance on American security guarantees.

Trump has not overlooked this realignment.

By openly questioning America’s commitment to NATO, he has repeatedly pressured European members to boost their defense spending within the alliance.