Thick black smoke billowed into the sky, making day seem more like night. Toxic rain mixed with oil fell from the air, while a central boulevard was lined by a wall of flame. In the Iranian capital, authorities said Israeli strikes hit a number of oil and gas facilities in and around the city. In one video geolocated by NBC News, roiling orange flames and belching smoke could be seen rising from the Aghdasieh fuel depot in the city’s northern Tajrish district. 👇🏻⬇️more in the 1rst comments ⬇️👇🏻

But Agnes Callamard, the secretary general of Amnesty International, questioned whether the refineries were legitimate military targets and whether the Israeli military took “all feasible precautions to prevent collateral harm to civilians.”

“The incidental harm to civilians, including the release of toxic substance, appears to indicate that too little precautions were taken and that the incidental harm to civilians is disproportionate,” she said in a text message Monday.

The hellish scenes in Tehran were emblematic of the direct link between this war, energy infrastructure and global markets.
People watch smoke plumes in the distance on the skyline
Smoke rises from Shahran oil depot Sunday.Hassan Ghaedi / Anadolu via Getty Images

Iran has the world’s third-largest proven oil reserves, and the conflict has already had serious knock-on effects. Iran is throttling the vital Strait o