It is not a sudden violent illness, but the cumulative effect of daily living habits.

Excessive sodium intake is associated with fluid retention, which can lead to increased blood pressure. Over time, high blood pressure weakens the heart and increases the strain on it, eventually leading to heart failure.

“In 2005, the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association HF guidelines recommended 3000 to 4000 mg daily sodium intake, and, for patients with volume overload, restriction to 2000 mg/d. This recommendation was subsequently updated to moderate sodium restriction. The Heart Failure Society of America recommends 2000 to 3000 mg daily sodium intake and <2000 mg for patients with moderate to severe HF symptoms.”

How to avoid this habit: Limit processed and salty foods like canned soups and packaged snacks. Instead, opt for home cooked meals with fresh ingredients, adding flavor with herbs and spices instead of salt. Also, check food labels for hidden sodium.

2. Sedentary Lifestyle

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