Rep. Steve Cohen stated: “ICE is arresting people simply for the offense of being in the country illegally!”

Why Cohen’s Comments Drew Attention
Cohen’s remarks highlighted a longstanding disagreement over how immigration laws should be enforced.

Supporters of stricter enforcement argue that entering or remaining in the country without legal authorization can make a person subject to immigration enforcement under federal law. They contend that enforcing existing statutes helps maintain the rule of law, protects border security, and supports an orderly immigration system.

Critics, however, argue that enforcement strategies should prioritize individuals who pose public safety or national security risks rather than broadly targeting people whose primary immigration violation is lacking legal status. They also raise concerns about the effects of enforcement actions on families, workplaces, and local communities.

The Legal Framework
Federal immigration law establishes circumstances under which non-citizens may be detained or placed into removal proceedings.

Immigration violations are generally handled through the civil immigration system, although some immigration-related offenses—such as unlawful reentry after deportation or certain forms of immigration fraud—may carry criminal penalties.

Whether and how immigration laws are enforced often depends on executive branch policies, available resources, and enforcement priorities.

Different Policy Approaches